Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Data at 298 K
|
Substance |
D HofkJ/mole |
So J/K-mole |
D GofkJ/mole |
D |
DSoatom J/K-mole |
D GoatomkJ/mole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aluminum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Al(s) |
0 |
28 |
0 |
330 |
|
|
|
AlCl3(s) |
-706 |
109 |
-630 |
1398 |
|
|
|
Al2O3(s) |
-1670 |
51 |
-1576 |
|
|
|
|
Al(OH)3(s) |
-1277 |
|
|
3008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ba(s) |
0 |
67 |
0 |
178 |
|
|
|
BaCO3(s) |
-1216 |
112 |
-1138 |
2861 |
|
|
|
BaO(s) |
-582 |
70 |
-552 |
1009 |
|
|
|
BaSO4(s) |
-1465 |
132 |
-1353 |
|
|
|
|
Ba(OH)2(s) |
-946 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bromine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Br2(l) |
0 |
152 |
0 |
223.8 |
|
|
|
Br(g) |
112 |
175 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
Br-(aq) |
-121 |
81 |
-103 |
233 |
|
|
|
Br2(g) |
31 |
245 |
3 |
193 |
|
|
|
Br2(aq) |
-3 |
130 |
4 |
193 |
|
|
|
HBr(g) |
-36 |
198 |
-53 |
366 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calcium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ca(s) |
0 |
41 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Ca(g) |
179 |
155 |
146 |
|
|
|
|
CaCO3(s,calcite) |
-1207 |
93 |
-1129 |
2850 |
|
|
|
CaF2(s) |
-1220 |
69 |
-1167 |
|
|
|
|
CaO(s) |
-635 |
40 |
-604 |
1062 |
|
|
|
Ca(OH)2(s) |
-986 |
83 |
-899 |
2100 |
|
|
|
CaSO4(s) |
-1434 |
107 |
-1322 |
2885 |
|
|
|
Ca3(PO4)2(s) |
-4126 |
241 |
-3890 |
|
|
|
|
CaSiO3(s) |
-1630 |
84 |
-1550 |
|
|
|
|
CaC2(s) |
-63 |
70 |
-68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C(s,graph) |
0 |
6 |
0 |
717 |
|
|
|
C(g) |
718 |
158 |
673 |
0 |
|
|
|
C(s,diam) |
3 |
2 |
3 |
715 |
|
|
|
CCl4(l) |
-135 |
216 |
-65 |
|
|
|
|
CCl4(g) |
-107 |
309 |
-64 |
|
|
|
|
CH4(g) |
-75 |
186 |
-51 |
1664 |
|
|
|
C2H2(g) |
227 |
201 |
209 |
1642 |
|
|
|
C2H4(g) |
52 |
219 |
68 |
2253 |
|
|
|
C2H6(g) |
-85 |
230 |
-33 |
2826 |
|
|
|
C3H6(g) |
21 |
267 |
63 |
|
|
|
|
C3H8(g) |
-104 |
270 |
-23 |
3998 |
|
|
|
C6H6(g) |
83 |
269 |
130 |
|
|
|
|
C6H6(l) |
49 |
173 |
124 |
|
|
|
|
CH3OH(g) |
-201 |
238 |
-162 |
2039 |
|
|
|
CH3OH(l) |
-239 |
127 |
-166 |
2077 |
|
|
|
C2H5OH(g) |
-235 |
283 |
-168 |
|
|
|
|
C2H5OH(l) |
-278 |
161 |
-175 |
3269 |
|
|
|
C6H12O6(s) |
-1273 |
212 |
-910 |
9686 |
|
|
|
CO(g) |
-111 |
198 |
-137 |
1076 |
|
|
|
CO2(g) |
-394 |
214 |
-394 |
1608 |
|
|
|
H2CO(g) |
-116 |
219 |
-110 |
|
|
|
|
HCOOH(g) |
-363 |
249 |
-351 |
|
|
|
|
CH3COOH(l) |
-487 |
160 |
-392 |
3288 |
|
|
|
CH3CHO(g) |
-166 |
250 |
-129 |
|
|
|
|
HCN(g) |
135 |
202 |
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cesium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cs(s) |
0 |
85 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Cs(g) |
76 |
176 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
CsCl(s) |
-443 |
101 |
-414 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chlorine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cl2(g) |
0 |
223 |
0 |
243 |
|
|
|
Cl(g) |
122 |
165 |
106 |
0 |
|
|
|
Cl-(aq) |
-167 |
56 |
-131 |
288 |
|
|
|
HCl(aq) |
-167 |
56 |
-131 |
|
|
|
|
HCl(g) |
-92 |
187 |
-95 |
432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copper |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cu(s) |
0 |
33 |
0 |
338 |
|
|
|
Cu(g) |
338 |
166 |
299 |
0 |
|
|
|
CuCO3(s) |
-595 |
88 |
-518 |
|
|
|
|
CuCl2(s) |
-206 |
108 |
-162 |
|
|
|
|
CuO(s) |
-156 |
43 |
-128 |
743 |
|
|
|
Cu2O(s) |
-171 |
92 |
-148 |
1094 |
|
|
|
Cu(OH)2(s) |
-450 |
108 |
-372 |
|
|
|
|
CuS(s) |
-49 |
67 |
-49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fluorine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F2(g) |
0 |
202.7 |
0 |
158.2 |
|
|
|
F(g) |
80 |
159 |
62 |
0 |
|
|
|
F-(aq) |
-333 |
-14 |
-279 |
412 |
|
|
|
HF(g) |
-269 |
174 |
-271 |
569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H2(g) |
0 |
131 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
H(g) |
218 |
115 |
203 |
|
|
|
|
H+(g) |
1536 |
109 |
1517 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iodine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I2(s) |
0 |
117 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
I(g) |
107 |
181 |
70 |
0 |
|
|
|
I-(aq) |
-55 |
111 |
-52 |
162 |
|
|
|
I2(g) |
62 |
261 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
HI(g) |
26 |
206 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fe(s) |
0 |
27 |
0 |
415 |
|
|
|
Fe(g) |
416 |
180 |
370 |
0 |
|
|
|
Fe2+(aq) |
-88 |
113 |
-85 |
|
|
|
|
Fe3+(aq) |
-48 |
293 |
-11 |
|
|
|
|
FeO(s) |
-272 |
61 |
-255 |
937 |
|
|
|
Fe2O3(s) |
-822 |
90 |
-741 |
2404 |
|
|
|
Fe3O4(s) |
-1117 |
146 |
-1014 |
3360 |
|
|
|
FeS(s) |
-95 |
67 |
-97 |
|
|
|
|
FeS2(s) |
-172 |
53 |
-160 |
1148 |
|
|
|
FeSO4(s) |
-929 |
121 |
-825 |
|
|
|
|
Fe3C(s) |
21 |
108 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnesium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mg(s) |
0 |
33 |
0 |
147 |
|
|
|
Mg(g) |
147 |
149 |
112 |
0 |
|
|
|
MgCO3(s) |
-1113 |
66 |
-1029 |
|
|
|
|
MgCl2(s) |
-642 |
90 |
-592 |
|
|
|
|
MgO(s) |
-602 |
27 |
-570 |
998 |
|
|
|
Mg(OH)2(s) |
-925 |
63 |
-834 |
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mercury |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hg(l) |
0 |
77 |
0 |
61 |
|
|
|
Hg(g) |
61 |
175 |
32 |
0 |
|
|
|
HgCl2(s) |
-230 |
144 |
-184 |
534 |
|
|
|
Hg2Cl2(s) |
-265 |
193 |
-210 |
631 |
|
|
|
HgO(s) |
-90 |
70 |
-59 |
401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nitrogen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N2(g) |
0 |
192 |
0 |
945 |
|
|
|
N(g) |
473 |
153 |
456 |
0 |
|
|
|
NH3(aq) |
-80 |
111 |
-26 |
1207 |
|
|
|
NH3(g) |
-46 |
193 |
-17 |
1173 |
|
|
|
NH4+(aq) |
-132 |
113 |
-79 |
1477 |
|
|
|
N2H4(g) |
95 |
238 |
159 |
|
|
|
|
N2H4(l) |
51 |
121 |
149 |
|
|
|
|
NH4Cl(s) |
-314 |
95 |
-203 |
1780 |
|
|
|
NH4NO3(s) |
-366 |
151 |
-184 |
|
|
|
|
NH4ClO4(s) |
-295 |
186 |
-89 |
|
|
|
|
NO(g) |
90 |
211 |
87 |
632 |
|
|
|
NO2(g) |
34 |
240 |
52 |
937 |
|
|
|
N2O(g) |
82 |
220 |
109 |
1113 |
|
|
|
N2O4(g) |
10 |
304 |
98 |
1932 |
|
|
|
N2O4(l) |
-20 |
209 |
97 |
|
|
|
|
N2O5(s) |
-42 |
178 |
134 |
|
|
|
|
NOCl(g) |
53 |
264 |
66 |
|
|
|
|
HNO3(aq) |
-207 |
146 |
-110 |
1645 |
|
|
|
HNO3(l) |
-174 |
156 |
-81 |
|
|
|
|
HNO3(g) |
-134 |
266 |
-74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oxygen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O2(g) |
0 |
205 |
0 |
498 |
|
|
|
O(g) |
248 |
161 |
230 |
0 |
|
|
|
O3(g) |
142 |
238 |
163 |
605 |
|
|
|
OH-(aq) |
-230 |
-11 |
-157 |
697 |
|
|
|
H3O+(aq) |
-286 |
70 |
-237 |
|
|
|
|
H2O(g) |
-242 |
189 |
-229 |
927 |
|
|
|
H2O(l) |
-286 |
70 |
-237 |
971 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phosphorus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P(s,white) |
0 |
41 |
0 |
316 |
|
|
|
P(g) |
316 |
163 |
280 |
0 |
|
|
|
P2(g) |
144 |
218 |
104 |
|
|
|
|
P4(g) |
59 |
280 |
24 |
1206 |
|
|
|
P(s,red) |
-17 |
23 |
-12 |
334 |
|
|
|
P(s,black) |
-39 |
23 |
-33 |
|
|
|
|
PCl3(g) |
-288 |
312 |
-270 |
|
|
|
|
PCl3(l) |
-320 |
217 |
-272 |
|
|
|
|
PF5(g) |
-1594 |
301 |
-1521 |
2290 |
|
|
|
PH3(g) |
5 |
210 |
13 |
965 |
|
|
|
P4O6(s) |
-1640 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P4O10(s) |
-2940 |
229 |
-2675 |
6741 |
|
|
|
H3PO4(aq) |
-1288 |
158 |
-1143 |
3255 |
|
|
|
H3PO4(s) |
-1279 |
110 |
-1119 |
|
|
|
|
H3PO4(l) |
-1267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potassium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K(s) |
0 |
65 |
0 |
90 |
|
|
|
K(g) |
90 |
160 |
61 |
0 |
|
|
|
KCl(s) |
-436 |
83 |
-408 |
647 |
|
|
|
KNO3(s) |
-493 |
288 |
-393 |
|
|
|
|
K2O(s) |
-363 |
94 |
-322 |
789 |
|
|
|
KOH(s) |
-425 |
79 |
-379 |
982 |
|
|
|
KOH(aq) |
-482 |
92 |
-440 |
1038 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silicon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Si(s) |
0 |
19 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Si(g) |
368 |
168 |
324 |
0 |
|
|
|
SiCl4(l) |
-640 |
239 |
-573 |
1622 |
|
|
|
SiO2(s,quartz) |
-911 |
42 |
-856 |
1860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ag(s) |
0 |
43 |
0 |
285 |
|
|
|
Ag+(aq) |
106 |
74 |
77 |
180 |
|
|
|
AgCl(s) |
-127 |
96 |
-110 |
533 |
|
|
|
AgBr(s) |
-100 |
107 |
-97 |
|
|
|
|
AgI(s) |
-62 |
115 |
-66 |
|
|
|
|
Ag2O(s) |
-31 |
121 |
-11 |
850 |
|
|
|
AgNO3(s) |
-124 |
141 |
-33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sodium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Na(s) |
0 |
51 |
0 |
108 |
|
|
|
Na(g) |
108 |
154 |
77 |
0 |
|
|
|
Na+(aq) |
-240 |
59 |
-262 |
348 |
|
|
|
Na2CO3(s) |
-1131 |
136 |
-1048 |
2811 |
|
|
|
NaCl(aq) |
-407 |
115 |
-393 |
|
|
|
|
NaCl(g) |
-181 |
230 |
-201 |
|
|
|
|
NaCl(s) |
-411 |
72 |
-384 |
640 |
|
|
|
NaHCO3(s) |
-948 |
102 |
-852 |
2738 |
|
|
|
NaNO3(aq) |
-446 |
207 |
-372 |
|
|
|
|
NaNO3(s) |
-468 |
116 |
-367 |
1795 |
|
|
|
NaOH(aq) |
-470 |
50 |
-419 |
1045 |
|
|
|
NaOH(s) |
-426 |
64 |
-380 |
1002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sulfur |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S(s,rhombic) |
0 |
32 |
0 |
277 |
|
|
|
S(s,monoclinic) |
0.3 |
33 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
SO2(g) |
-297 |
248 |
-300 |
1072 |
|
|
|
SO3(g) |
-395 |
256 |
-370 |
1421 |
|
|
|
SO4(2-)(aq) |
-909 |
20 |
-744 |
2183 |
|
|
|
SOCl2(l) |
-246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
H2S(g) |
-20 |
206 |
-33 |
734 |
|
|
|
H2SO4(aq) |
-909 |
20 |
-744 |
2619 |
|
|
|
H2SO4(l) |
-814 |
156 |
-690 |
2524 |
|
|
|
S2-(aq) |
33 |
-15 |
86 |
244 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Titanium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TiCl4(g) |
-763 |
355 |
-727 |
|
|
|
|
TiO2(s) |
-945 |
50 |
-890 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zn(s) |
0 |
42 |
0 |
130 |
|
|
|
Zn(g) |
131 |
161 |
95 |
0 |
|
|
|
ZnCl2(s) |
-415 |
112 |
-369 |
|
|
|
|
ZnO(s) |
-348 |
44 |
-318 |
728 |
|
|
|
ZnS(s,wurtzite) |
-193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ZnS(s,zincblende) |
-206 |
58 |
-201 |
|
|
|