Sexual Assault

What is Sexual Assault?

Sexual assault is any form of sexual contact or activity which occurs without your consent; it is not limited to rape (forced sexual intercourse.). It can happen to both men and women and can include being touched, kissed, physically restrained, or forced into sexual intercourse without consent.

Rape has been divided into two types: acquaintance rape and stranger rape. Acquaintance rape describes the act of forcing sexual intercourse onto a date or an acquaintance and may also be referred to as "Date Rape". According to the research of the National Institute of Justice, 80% of all sexual assaults on college women were committed by someone they knew.

While any type of sexual violation can be traumatic, it can be especially devastating to be raped by someone you previously trusted and can lead you into self blame and mistrusting your own judgment. In addition, acquaintance rape can be confusing as it most often does not involve the use of a weapon. Usually, physical restraint and/or the threat of physical harm coupled with intimidation or coercion is involved. However, there is a common yet powerful tool used to aid in rape on college campuses and that is alcohol. In fact more than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol - related sexual assault or date rape. (Hingson et. al., 2005)

By law, if the act occurs while the survivor is unconscious, asleep, or otherwise unable to communicate unwillingness, it is still considered rape. That means if you were unable to provide consent due to being passed out, intoxicated, or drugged it is by law considered against your will.

What you should know if you have been sexually assaulted

If you need help now call campus police at ext.5555 or call 911. You can also come to the Student Development and Counseling office to speak confidentially to a counselor (ext.5540 between 8am and 5pm) for any reason.

Should I go to the hospital?

Unfortunately, there is a small window of time after a sexual assault that a survivor has to collect evidence. That is one of the reasons why it is important for you to go to the emergency room following the assault. Evidence must be collected within 72 hours. This exam also includes very important procedures to check for any internal bleeding or damage caused by the assault. During your visit to the hospital you also have the option for STD testing, pregnancy testing, counseling, treatment of injuries and emergency contraception.

The exam is done by a trained SANE nurse (Sexual Assault nurse examiner) so she should be sensitive to your needs as a survivor and help you through the exam. The Perk Kit, the Physical Evidence Recovery Kit, is used to collect any forensic evidence and it is free and confidential. The information collected can be used in a court of law, but does not have to be. A PERK kit can still be done and the survivor can choose to not use the information. Most important, as a survivor you do not have to make any decisions about pressing charges and you have the right to refuse any part of the exam and ask any questions about any aspect of your care. After an assault, survivors are usually in shock and you may decide later that you want to pursue legal options. Foremost, you have the right to make what ever decision feels best to you at any point of your recovery.

You also have the option of going to Campus Police (ext. 5555). Campus Police can provide you with information and arrange transportation to the hospital.

If I go to the hospital, what do I need to know about preserving evidence?

The Student Development and Counseling Center can help you sort out what options you have and help you work through the emotional stress that may occur after the assault while also providing you with other support resources.

If I want to press charges what are my options?

WPI has appointed a Sexual Assault Advocate, Shelley Nicholson (Ext. 5819), who can help you determine what options are best suited for you. There are no expectations about your choices; however, Shelley can provide you with important information to guide you through the process.

How might I be affected emotionally?

We all handle crisis in different ways. As a result of this crisis, many people experience Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS). The following is a list of a possible range of reactions.

How to help a friend or loved one who has been sexually assaulted

Additional Information on Rape Drugs and how to protect yourself

© 2006 Created for WPI by Campus Outreach Services

Some drugs are used to facilitate sexual assaults because of their "anesthesia-like" properties. These drugs may physically incapacitate someone and thus render him or her unable to consent to or resist sexual activity. Alcohol is the most widely used drug for committing sexual assault, but others are popular as well. Those which take the form of small pills are easy to conceal, inexpensive, and effective. The drugs are generally colorless, tasteless, and odorless and will make someone blackout, feel lethargic or feel sick within an hour, often within just twenty minutes. In the eyes of an observer, the person appears intoxicated and could be passed off as "just another drunk." But regardless of whether someone is unknowingly given a drug or willingly ingests it for recreational purposes, that person would no longer have the ability to give a valid consent to sexual activity when the drug has created incapacitation under the governing law or school policy. Remember, you will need to verify exactly how your institution's policy and state laws treat incapacitation with respect to a victim's ability to give effective consent.

Rohypnol

Description

The most commonly implicated rape drug is Rohypnol. Rohypnol is classified as a depressant and prescribed as a sleeping pill worldwide, except in the United States, where it is illegal. Used as a temporary treatment for insomnia, a sedative hypnotic, and a pre-anesthetic, Rohypnol has a physiologically similar effect to Valium; however, it is close to ten times more potent.

Other Names for Rohypnol

Rophies, Roofies, R2, Roofenol, (La) Roche, Roachies, La Rocha, Rophies, Roofies, Ruffies, Wolfies, Ruffles, Stupefi, Rope, Rib, Circles, Mexican Valium, Roach-2, Roopies, and Ropies. A drug closely parallel to Rohypnol is called Clonazepam (Klonopin in the U.S. and Rivotril in Mexico). Rohypnol has been associated with date rape, and has also been called the "Forget Pill," "Trip-and-Fall," and "Mind-Erasers."

Packaging and Appearance

Rohypnol tablets are white, marked on one side with the word "ROCHE" and the number one or two circled on the other side, which denotes the dosage. Sold in pre-packaged bubble packs of one or two milligram dosages, the older Rohypnol tablets can easily dissolve in a drink. Rohypnol is also tasteless and odorless. However, newer versions have been modified so that the drug releases a blue dye and dissolves slowly, leaving a filmy residue.

Duration and Effects

Effects begin within twenty to thirty minutes, peak within two hours, and can persist up to eight hours depending on dosage. It is frequently reported that persons who are under the influence of both alcohol and Rohypnol have "blackouts" that last from eight to twenty-four hours after consumption. A loss of social inhibitions is yet another of Rohypnol's effects, whether or not consumed concurrently with alcohol. Victims will have no recollection of the events which transpire under the drug's influence. Withdrawal symptoms include headache, muscle pain, confusion, hallucinations and convulsions. An individual in withdrawal may experience seizures up to 7 days after use.

Metabolizing quickly, Rohypnol exits the system in 60-72 hours. A urine test can detect Rohypnol's metabolic properties during the first 72 hours.

Possible Side Effects

Decreased blood pressure, temporary or permanent loss of memory (amnesia), tiredness, problems with vision, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, excessive sleep, headaches, nervousness, aggressive behavior, driving and psychomotor skill impairment, concentration loss, blackouts, sedation, muscle relaxation, nightmares, tremors, bloodshot eyes, disorientation, impaired judgment, nausea, fearlessness, excitability, gastrointestinal disturbances and urinary retention.

GHB

Description

Another rape drug similar to Rohypnol is called GHB, or Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate. Originally developed as an anesthetic, GHB has been gaining popularity as a recreational drug with effects similar to alcohol without the hangover, with a possible side effect of heightened sexual arousal since it causes inhibitions to be suppressed.

GHB is usually an odorless, tasteless, colorless liquid virtually undetectable to the body as it affects the central nervous system. However, GHB may be recognized at times by a salty or metallic taste or by the cloudy appearance it causes in many beverages.

Other Names for GHB

Easy Lay, EZ Lay, Liquid G, Liquid Ecstasy, Ellie, Clear X, Chemical X, Liquid E, Liquid X, X-rater, XTC, Liquid Dream, Natural Sleep 500, Soap, Gook, Ever Clear, Scoop, Scoop Her, Somatomax, Gamma 10, Get-Her-to-Bed, G, Georgia Home Boy, and Grievous Bodily Harm.

Packaging and Appearance

GHB looks just like water and is available in a capsule or mixed with another liquid, though it can be found as a powder. Unfortunately, it is prevalent and may be found on the street in small plastic bottles of size and shape similar to hotel shampoo bottles, baby food jars, small mouthwash bottles, single dose vials, eye drop bottles, or any other type of liquid container. One dose of GHB is one to two teaspoons, depending on the concentration.

Duration and Effects

Effects can be felt within 5-20 minutes after ingestion, and last for 2-6 hours without the presence of another drug like alcohol. When mixed with alcohol or other drugs, the effects may last 36-72 hours. In small amounts, it affects an individual in a similar manner to alcohol. It can cause drowsiness, nausea, and hallucinations in normal doses and unconsciousness, seizures, severe respiratory depression, and coma in higher doses. In extremely high doses, unconsciousness can occur within 5 minutes. Mixed with alcohol, GHB can cause the central nervous system to shut down, lead to loss of consciousness, and possibly result in a coma or death. Combined with other drugs, GHB can result in nausea and difficulty breathing. Unfortunately, the effects are unpredictable and highly dose-dependent.

Possible Side Effects

Abrupt and intense drowsiness, vomiting, withdrawal, insomnia, anxiety, tremors, sweating, giddiness, silliness, dizziness, interference with mobility and verbal coherence, semi-consciousness, decreased heart rate, sleep walking, decreased body temperature, slower respiration, temporary amnesia, diarrhea, respiratory arrest, seizure, coma, and death.

Ketamine

Description

A third type of commonly used rape drug is called Ketamine Hydrochloride. Unlike GHB, Ketamine is a legal drug sold as a veterinary sedative. It is also a surgical hospital grade anesthesia for children, persons of poor health, and burn victims since it does not depress critical body vitals. However, it is unsafe outside of the medical setting due to the fact that it can cause heart rates and breathing to increase or decrease to the point where they cannot be monitored. Ketamine is now federally illegal to possess in the United States without a license or prescription.

Abusers crave the dissociation from consciousness that Ketamine causes. For a few hours, the drug may produce pleasant dreamy states, vivid imagery and hallucinations, and perhaps delirium. However, Ketamine has long-term ramifications: excitement and visual disturbances may continue to occur weeks after exposure. Since Ketamine is an anesthetic, it stops the user from feeling pain and induces amnesia, which could lead the user to inadvertently cause injury to himself or herself. Ketamine may relieve tension and anxiety, is purported to be a sexual stimulant, and intensifies colors and sounds.

Other Names for Ketamine

K, Super K, OK, KO, Kid Rock, Ket Kat, Green, Super C, Vitamin K, Super Acid, Special Acid, Keller, Kelly's Day, Blind Squid, Cat Valium, Purple, Special LA Coke, Jet, Honey Oil, Gas, Make-Her-Mine, or Special K. Street slang for experiences related to Ketamine include, K-hole, K-land, Baby Food, and God.

Packaging and Appearance

Ketamine usually comes as a liquid in small pharmaceutical bottles when in its medical form, but also can be found as a whitish powder or a pill. In its undiluted form, it appears like an off-white powder. In diluted form, it looks like slightly cloudy water. It may be snorted, swallowed, or injected. Due to its appearance, Ketamine may be mistaken for cocaine or crystal methamphetamine.

Duration and Effects

Small amounts of Ketamine cause the impairment of attention, learning, and memory functions, as well as increased heart rate. At higher doses, it depresses consciousness, respiratory function and breathing while still maintaining the central nervous system and cardiovascular function. Larger amounts of Ketamine produce feelings of ataxia (coordination problems), dizziness, elevated blood pressure, mental confusion, hyperexcitability, catalepsy (the inability to move), amnesia, impaired vision, convulsions, a delusional dream-like state, hallucinations, vomiting, and psychosis. Ketamine's effects differ depending on how it is ingested. Generally, the effects last fewer than 3 hours, but may persist up to 6 hours on rare occasions, and the drug is detectable in the system for up to 48 hours depending on how it was ingested. A full 24-48 hours may be required before the user feels normal again.

Possible Side Effects

Delirium, vivid hallucinations, depersonalization, cardiac excitement, ataxia, confusion, irrationality, vertigo, blank stare, muscle spasms or rigidity, anxiety, blurred vision, respiratory depression, vomiting, dizziness, numbness, headaches, nausea, nightmares, slurred speech, delayed reaction time, psychosis, euphoria, impaired motor control and coordination, amnesia, aggressive or violent behavior, paranoia, insomnia, delusional thinking, and coma.

Ecstasy

Description

Ecstasy or MDMA (3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a combination of speed and mescaline. Similar to methamphetamine and other synthetic drugs which cause brain damage, MDMA is a psychoactive substance with stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. It is illegal to possess ecstasy in the United States.

The other three date rape drugs described above are considered depressants, however, Ecstasy is a stimulant, creating a sense of euphoria, empathy, self-acceptance, emotional closeness, and altered social perceptions. Ecstasy also causes all sensations to be heightened and enhanced.

Other Names for Ecstasy

Adam, XTC, Bean, E, X, M, MDMA, Hug, Beans, Doves, Empathy, Rave Energy, Cloud 9, Love Drug, and Roll. Users are considered to be "rolling" while under the effects of Ecstasy.

Packaging and Appearance

Since Ecstasy is not a regulated substance, it may contain other drugs and can vary widely in strength. Ecstasy comes in a tablet or capsule form, which is often branded with a symbol, i.e. Playboy bunnies, Nike swoosh, CK, or Mitsubishi. Occasionally it comes as a powder or in an aqueous form called Liquid X. It is usually taken orally, but snorting, injecting and anal suppository use has been documented.

Duration and Effects

Other than some possible pleasant feelings, Ecstasy is extremely dangerous. In particular, Ecstasy produces harmful physical effects. Many of the risks users face with MDMA use are similar to those of cocaine and amphetamines. MDMA is also neurotoxic. Its stimulating effects which enable the user to stay active may also cause dehydration. In high doses, MDMA may induce a large increase in body temperature (malignant hyperthermia) which causes muscle breakdown and liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure.

Ecstasy, moreover, causes psychological problems and paranoia during and after usage. Ecstasy induces a state of loquacity, with effects lasting between 4 to 6 hours. Yet another problem is that people often mix drugs, leading to unexpected effects. After swallowing a tablet of MDMA, exhilarating effects are noticeable in 20-40 minutes accompanied by a feeling of nausea. However, 3-5 hours later, the effects will subside. Ecstasy may be detected in urine during the next 2-5 days after taking the drug.

Possible Side Effects

Anxiety, hyperthermia, memory loss, depression, sleep difficulties, drug craving, dizziness, dilated pupils, blurred vision, rapid eye movement and eye twitching, dry mouth and throat, involuntary teeth clenching and grinding, nausea, scratching or rubbing the skin, faintness, nervousness, high body temperature, muscle cramping, confusion, fast heart rate, tremors, chills, sweating, high blood pressure, loss of consciousness, dehydration, seizures, muscular tension, cognitive impairment, respiratory distress, psychological dependency, and long-term neurochemical and brain cell damage.

Alcohol

Wine, beer and hard liquor comprise the general category of alcohol. Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug. People of all ages consume this depressant, and in large quantities it causes people to lose their inhibitions and participate in an activity from which they normally would abstain. Effects include dizziness, slurred speech, disturbed sleep, confusion, heightened confidence, nausea, vomiting, impaired judgment and violence. Though alcohol is not commonly thought of as a rape drug, there is a clear link between alcohol and sexual assault. Many studies indicate that most campus rapes involve alcohol usage on one or both parties' parts. As many as 70% of college students admit to having engaged in sexual activity primarily as a result of being under the influence of alcohol, or to having sex they wouldn't have had if they had been sober.

Commonly Asked Questions about Rape Drugs

How do I know if I have been drugged?
If you are drinking, and you experience a "high" and intoxication far beyond what would be normal for the amount of alcohol you have consumed, you may have been drugged. Similarly, if you suddenly get extremely dizzy, confused, incoherent, experience memory loss, or lose balance, equilibrium, sense of time or place, you may have been drugged - especially if you have had no alcohol but did drink something. The only way to know for sure is to have someone you trust take you to the hospital as soon as you begin to experience these symptoms.
What should I do if my friend has been drugged?
Your friend may begin to panic. If so, take the person to a calm and quiet place to relax. Persuade your friend to breathe deeply and slowly. If your friend begins to vomit while lying down, force him or her to sit up or stand up but keep his or her head down. If the drugged person is unconscious, loosen the person's clothing and any other restraints. Lay the person flat on his/her back. Make sure someone watches over the person so that he/she doesn't choke on his/her vomit. If you have the skill and knowledge of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), then be prepared to perform it if you cannot find a pulse.

Again, be sure that someone is always with the potentially drugged person, and that someone else calls 9-1-1. Tell the paramedics everything you know, as this information could save the person's life. Be specific. If you know what your friend has consumed then be sure to tell them. If you have been consuming illegal substances and/or drinking underage, you should still help this person. Many schools have limited immunity policies and you don't want to carry the mental burden of having passed up the opportunity to potentially save someone's life because you were hiding your own illegal behavior. Do not hesitate to get involved. Obtaining medical attention is the best of all possible alternatives for the person, even if you don't know him/her.

How to Protect Yourself and Others

  1. Do not leave a drink unattended, or let the drink out of your sight. However, if you must ask someone to watch your drink, be sure the person is someone you trust.
  2. Do not accept drinks, whether at a bar or a party, that you don't purchase yourself. However, if you do accept a drink, watch the drink as it is poured. It is best if it comes from an unopened source. If someone offers to buy you a drink, go up to the bar with that person to watch the drink as it is poured. Please note, just because a drink looks like it came from an unopened source, does not guarantee that the bottle or can hasn't been tampered with.
  3. Beware of someone who keeps filling up your drink as soon as it is empty.
  4. Never drink from punch bowls or an open container that is being passed around from person to person.
  5. If you notice that something has an unusual taste or appearance (such as a salty taste, foam or residue), then dump out the drink. You may be losing a few dollars on the drink, but it is well worth the health of your body.
  6. Do not mix drugs and alcohol.
  7. Listen for the street and slang names of drugs, even if said in jest.
  8. Always have a trusted friend nearby who can help you to safety should anything happen. Go out to parties and social events with at least one friend. Never go alone.
  9. Look out for your friends. If they appear to be overly- intoxicated in a disproportionate time period, take them to a hospital as soon as possible.
  10. Make plans about how you will get home with a friend(s) early on in the evening.
  11. If you suspect that you or someone you know has ingested a tampered drink or sedative-like substance, notify the authorities and medical personnel. Do not worry about whether someone is underage-a life could be at stake! Bring the individual to a hospital emergency room or call 911 for an ambulance.
  12. Predators can also mix rape drugs in with any food that you are ingesting. Therefore, pay close attention to how your body responds when someone whom you don't know well or trust gives you something to eat.
  13. Remember that rape drugs are not just used against women; men are vulnerable as well.
  14. Trust your instincts. If you do not feel well, seek help.

Resources and related links

Emergency Contraception Website
Information for survivors, their friends and family, and location of "Shatter the Silence," an on-line blog/speak-out for survivors.
Rape recovery and information page
NOMSV - The National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization
National Sexual Violence Resource Center

Books

Provided by Campus Outreach Services

For Survivors and Friends of Survivors of Sexual Violence

Aftermath - Survive and Overcome Trauma by Mariann Hybels Steer. Fireside; (January 1995)

"Easy to read and effectively organized, this how-to guide delivers the promise suggested in its full title: it is focused on the victims themselves, how they've been affected by trauma, and the ways to rise above the lingering damage trauma can cause. Hybels-Steer, a licensed psychologist, writes for people who have experienced a one-time, sudden, and potentially life-threatening event and continue to carry physical and/or psychological burdens because of it. It is hoped that this work will lead to resolution, though Hybels-Steer understands that a book will not replace professional help, especially for those with severe problems. Examples throughout of people who have endured recent, national traumas, including the LA riots and Hurricane Andrew, illuminate the text, making it even more accessible." - Booklist

After Silence: Rape and My Journey Back by Nancy Venable Raine. Three Rivers Press; (August 3, 1999)

"As Raine takes us through her personal journey of recovery, she also explores the shifting cultural consciousness toward rape, from the acknowledgement of posttraumatic stress suffered by rape victims to the portrayal of rape in movies. It's this willingness to interrogate the world around her, combined with an emotional honesty that portrays intimate drama without resorting to sensationalism, that makes After Silence one of the most important memoirs of the 1990's." - Publisher Weekly

If She Is Raped: A Guidebook for Husbands, Fathers, and Male Friends by Alan McEvoy. Learning Publications, Inc.; 3rd edition (2001)

"Three editions, nearly two decades, and If She Is Raped is still the most widely used set of guidelines for men who have victims and survivors of rape in their lives. For many victims rape is a defining moment that becomes a sharp divider in their lives -- life before the rape and life now. In some measure, the same is true for those who are closest to the victim. Most men want to help a loved one who has been sexually assaulted. Most, however, are ill-prepared to be helpful. Rather, they are likely to make the rape survivor's life worse. They do not know what to say and do and thus they respond inappropriately to the needs of the recovering women they love. This book addresses that problem. It is a book of guidelines and understanding that every survivor of rape would like the men in their lives to read." - learningpublications.com

Journey to Wholeness: Healing From the Trauma of Rape by Vicki Aranow and Monique Lang. Learning Publications; (January 3, 2000)

"A wonderful, sensitive, informative book that can be used equally by professionals and survivors. As a professional, this book gives me a framework in working with survivors. It is also simple and self explicit enough that I can give it to my clients as a companion to take with them between sessions to help maintain the continuity of the process, so that they never feel alone. They can use the information and do the exercises in Journey to Wholeness when feeling overwhelmed and depressed, instead of getting under the covers, drawing the shades, closing the doors and isolating. Journey to Wholeness is a brilliant, creative approach to the issues facing rape survivors." - Aviva Katz

Recovering from Rape by Linda E. Ledray. Owlet; 2nd edition (July 1994)

"In a matter-of-fact yet sympathetic tone, she discusses the rape itself, emergency medical treatment, how to report the crime to the police and avenues of legal redress. Ledray focuses as well on the rape victims' loved ones, who are considered by many to be secondary victims, and she suggests ways to prevent rape." - Publishers Weekly

Surviving the Silence: Black Women's Stories of Rape by Charlotte Pierce-Baker. W.W. Norton & Company; (June 2000)

"A survivor herself, [Pierce-Baker] places rape within a historical and cultural context, explaining the shroud of silence that surrounds it within the black community. She allows women to speak about their experiences as informed by their race and gender identities, weaving together their stories with her own." - Amazon.com

Recovery by Helen Benedict. Columbia University Press; (April 15, 1994)

"An excellent resource handbook for survivors of sexual violence and those who support them, offering the crucial prerequisites to healing: acknowledgment, comfort and information. Provides detailed and compassionate discussion of recovery; common myths and reactions; what you can do for yourself; abuse by family members; and information specific to gays and lesbians, children, teenagers, older people and men." - Book News, Inc.

Who's Afraid of the Dark? A Forum of Truth, Support, and Assurance for Those Affected By Rape edited by Cynthia Carosella. Harper perennial Library; (January 1995)

"In this powerful collection of writings, rape survivors openly discuss how they cope with the long-term effects of rape, providing desperately needed support and reassurance to other rape survivors and those who care for them." - Ingram

For Male Survivors and Friends of Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

Betrayed as Boys: Psychodynamic Treatment of Sexually Abused Men by Richard B. Gartner. Guilford Press; 1st edition (April 9, 1999)

"Examines how sexual abuse affects boys and the ways in which they carry this hurt into adulthood. Blends psychoanalytic understanding with insights from trauma-oriented theory and practice to present effective strategies for meeting the unique therapeutic needs of men with sexual abuse histories. Evocative clinical material draws readers into the direct experience of these clients, the therapists who work with them, and the constantly shifting relational world they inhabit." - Book News, Inc.

If He is Raped: a Guidebook for Parents, Partners, Spouses, and Friends by Alan McEvoy. Learning Publications; 2nd edition (April 2003)

"'If He is Raped' is a slim yet interesting volume, with more merits than demerits. While a few other books have been devoted in part or in whole to male sexual victimization, I believe this is the only book yet published to advise people who are close to a male rape victim how to assist him in recovering from the experience. 'If He is Raped' takes its topic seriously. Most of the information presented is useful and accurate, and much of the advice quite sensible if sometimes a bit obvious." - mensightmagazine.com

Male Victims of Sexual Abuse edited by Gillian C. Mezey and Michael B. King. Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (July 15, 2000)

"Reports on the first epidemiological study of male sexual victimization in Europe. Discusses the stereotype of gay men as sexual predators, male rape in prisons, the link between early sexual victimization and later perpetration, how victims resolve experiences, and more." - Book Info

Victims No Longer: Men Recovering from Incest and Other Sexual Child Abuse by Mike Lew. Perennial; Reprint edition (February 28, 1990)"

"For millions of men who are survivors of childhood sexual abuse, this ground-breaking work offers hope, understanding and essential advice for healing. Written by a nationally recognized expert on recovery for male survivors, Victim No Longer addresses survivors with compassion, intelligence, and respect, and helps them to:

For all men who are on the path to recovery and those who wish to help them on that journey, Victims No Longer will prove to be an illuminating, transforming guide." - Book Description

Wounded Boys Heroic Men: A Man's Guide to Recovering From Child Abuse by Daniel Jay Sonkin. Adams Media Corporation; 1st edition (June 1998)

"This unique book provides hope, relief, and comfort for millions of victims too proud to explore their suffering. Carefully analyzing the feelings, attitudes, and behaviors of abused men, Dr. Sonkin teaches methods that break the vicious cycle of violence, make peace with the abuser, and in return find peace within." - Book Description

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Last modified: June 25, 2008 10:01:59