What exactly is SAD? Studies show that SAD may be caused by the lack of sunlight available during the winter months. We know that our bodies operate on circadian rhythms which regulate our sleeping, eating, and activity levels. It is believed that for those affected by SAD this rhythm is slow to adapt to the change of seasons. As a result they are affected by the following symptoms which are typical of depression: sadness, anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, withdrawal from and loss of interest in activities, excessive sleep, increased appetite and weight gain.
Generally, two methods of therapy are available for the treatment of SAD. For some, the use of antidepressants has been found to be helpful. The other alternative for treatment is known as light or phototherapy.
How is it that phototherapy works? The brightness of light is measured in lux. In the summer we are exposed to sunlight being equivalent to 100,000 lux. In contrast, a gray or rainy day measures at about 10,000 lux. In order to treat SAD, individuals are exposed to a device made up of white fluorescent lights which are mounted on a metal reflector and shielded with a plastic screen. The intensity of this light measures 2,500 lux, which is about five to ten times brighter than typical indoor light. Individuals sit about three feet away from the light for as little as thirty minutes up to a couple of hours a day. It has been found that symptom relief begins in two to four days and can be complete within a week or two. It is important to note evidence has shown that when treatment stops symptoms quickly reappear. Therefore, the continuation of treatment is crucial for people to obtain lasting results through the winter months.
The use of phototherapy has relatively few side effects; however, the following should be taken into consideration. Anyone with eye or skin problems which are exacerbated by bright light or who are taking medications that heighten the body's sensitivity to light should not participate in this form of treatment.
For those whose symptoms of SAD are not as severe, making adjustments in one's environment can help to combat some of the symptoms. While indoors, getting more sunlight can be accomplished simply by rearranging living or work space. Spending some time outside can also help. During the winter, the sun's rays reflect off the snow, which provides another means of obtaining the benefit of exposure to light.
If you have any questions about SAD, or would like to take a paper/pencil assessment, please contact the Counseling and Student Development Center, 831-5540.