Concepts of Chemistry: Table of Contents
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Preface
Table of Atomic Masses
Chapter 1: Introductory Ideas
The Evolution of the Science of Chemistry
Atomic Masses
Formulas
Ions
Types of Compounds
The Mole
Stoichiometric Calculations for Compounds
Chemical Reactions
Chapter 2: The Quantized Atom
The Nature of Light
Atomic Spectra
Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
Wave-Particle Duality--Modern Quantum Theory
Atoms with More Than One Electron
Periodic Properties
Supplement: Experimental Evidence for the Existence of Shells.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Chapter 3: The Structures of Simple
Molecules
Lewis Structures of Molecules
The Three-Dimensional Structures of Molecules: VSEPR
Charge Distribution in Molecules
Reasoning by Analogy: the Isoelectronic Fragment Approach to Structure
The Importance of Molecular Stereochemistry
Chapter 4: The Interaction of Light and
Matter
The Absorption of Light by Atoms and Molecules
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Infrared Spectroscopy
Electron Motion in Molecules
Supplement 1: 13C NMR Spectroscopy
Supplement 2: An Intuitive Development of Beer's Law
Chapter 5: The Gas Phase
Macroscopic Properties of Gases
The Ideal Gas Law
Kinetic Molecular Theory
The Historical Role of Gas Phase Chemical Reactions
Gas Production via Double Displacement Reactions
Chapter 6: Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces and Molecular
Energy
Types of Energy and the Coulomb Force
Coulomb Forces and the Potential Well
Types of Molecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
The Interplay Between Molecular Kinetic and Potential Energies
Non-Ideality of Gases
Some Consequences of Intermolecular Forces
Supplement: Chromatography
Chapter 7: The Solid and Liquid Phases
The Macroscopic Properties of Solids
The Lattice Concept
Close Packing
Ionic Compounds
Radius Ratio Rules
Xray Crystallography
Properties of Liquids
Model of the Liquid Phase
Interesting Physical Properties
The Dissolving Power of Liquids
Phase Transformations
Chapter 8: Reaction Stoichiometry
Reaction Stoichiometry as a Recipe
Electron Transfer Reactions
Additional Aspects of Reaction Stoichiometry
Reactions Involving Gases
Solutions and Concentration
Stoichiometry of Incomplete Reactions
Oxidation States from Lewis Structures
Supplement: Job's Method for Determination of Stoichiometry
Chapter 9: Energy Changes in Physical and Chemical Processes--The First Law of
Thermodynamics
Terminology
Heat, Work, and the First Law
Enthalpy
Application of Energy Ideas to Chemical Reactions
Special Processes and their Associated Standard Enthalpy Changes
Experimental Measurement of DH: Calorimetry
The Relationship Between Energy and Chemical Bonds
Supplement: Hess's Law and Biological Glucose Oxidation
Chapter 10: Phase Equilibrium
Qualitative Aspects of Disorder and Entropy
Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium
The Temperature Dependence of Vapor Pressure
Solid-Vapor Equilibrium
The Phase Diagram for a Pure Substance
Le Chatelier's Principle
Phase Equilibrium in Solutions
Additional Equilibrium Involving Two Phases
Supplement: Journey Around a Phase Diagram
Chapter 11: Disorder Changes in Physical and Chemical Processes--The Second Law of
Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy and Heat
Entropy and Probability: The Boltzmann Interpretation of Entropy
Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
The Gibbs Function
Supplement: But What About When DGo = 0?
Chapter 12: Principles of Chemical
Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium--Some Thought Experiments
Chemical Equilibrium--A General Concept
The Reaction Quotient, Q
Equilibrium Calculations--Extent of Reaction
Le Chatelier's Principle and Chemical Reaction
A Molecular View of Chemical Equilibrium
Free Energy and Equilibrium
Spreadsheets in Equilibrium Calculations
An Everyday Example of Dynamic Equilibrium
Chapter 13: Behavior of Species in Aqueous
Solution
Introductory Ideas
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
The Bronsted Concept
Strengths of Acids and Bases
Simple Calculations Involving Acid and Base Equilibria
Net Ionic Equations
Recognition of Species
Distribution Diagrams
pH Titrations
Range of Acid Strengths in Water
Buffer Solutions
The Lewis Concept
Cations as Acids--A Unifying Concept
Supplement 1: The Formulas of Oxoacids
Supplement 2: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
Chapter 14: Electron Transfer Processes
Galvanic Cells and Potential
Standard Reduction Potential
The Nernst Equation
Cell Potential and Equilibrium
Commercially Important Galvanic Cells
Electrolysis
Corrosion
Electrochemical Distribution Diagrams
Chapter 15: Principles of Chemical Dynamics
Some Basic Ideas
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate; the Rate Law
Experimental Determination of Rate Law
Elementary Processes and Reaction Mechanism
Temperature Dependence of Rate--Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetics and Equilibrium
Catalysis
Complex Reactions: Parallel Processes, Consecutive Processes, and Reversible Processes
Enzymes as Catalysts
Mechanisms of Substitution Reactions
Supplement 1: Picosecond Reactions; Laser Promoted Processes
Supplement 2: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Occam's Razor
Chapter 16: The d-Block Metals
Appendix A: Measurement and Dimensional Analysis
Appendix B: Matter: Its Classification and Nomenclature
Appendix C: Energy Units and Energy Relationships
Appendix D: Mathematical Toolbox
Appendix E: Some Additional Aspects of Phase Equilibrium
Intuitive Derivation of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
An Intuitive Development of Raoult's Law
Appendix F: Some Additional Aspects of Thermodynamics
Entropy in Reversible and Irreversible Processes
Comments on the Temperature Dependence of DGRo and Keq
Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Data at 298 K
Appendix H: Solubility
Appendix I: Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory
Appendix J: Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy of Transition Metal
Complexes
Appendix K: Magnetism in Transition Metal Complexes
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