Today, firefighters increasingly serve as first responders for emergency medical calls, civil emergencies, terrorist threats, and hazardous materials incidents, in addition to fire emergencies. Professor Notarianni is directing a multi-year study to determine the best procedural standards and resource allocation to significantly reduce loss of life and property for both firefighters and civilians. The study is being conducted in concert with the International Association of Fire Fighters and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It is funded by the Department of Homeland Security.